Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy expended while at rest in a comfortable environment and a fasted state. It is a crucial concept in measuring metabolic energy expenditure and plays a significant role in weight management. BMR accounts for the most considerable portion of total energy expenditure, typically ranging from 60% to 75% in adults. This energy expenditure determines the calories needed to maintain essential bodily functions, such as respiration, circulation, and cell production. Several factors can influence BMR, including age, sex, body composition, and thyroid function. Thyroid hormones are crucial in regulating BMR, with hypothyroidism leading to decreased metabolic rate. Conversely, hyperthyroidism can result in an elevated metabolic rate and increased energy expenditure. Various methods exist for estimating BMR, including indirect calorimetry, predictive equations, and handheld devices. Indirect calorimetry measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide...
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